Originating in India before 788 AD, Advaita Vedanta is widely considered the most influential and most dominant sub-school of the Vedānta (literally, end or the goal of the Vedas, Sanskrit) school of Hindu philosophy. Main articles: Advaita Vedanta and Neo-AdvaitaĪdvaita Vedanta ( IAST Advaita Vedānta Sanskrit: अद्वैत वेदान्त ) is a philosophical concept where followers seek liberation/release by recognizing identity of the Self (Atman) and the Whole (Brahman) through long preparation and training, usually under the guidance of a guru, that involves efforts such as knowledge of scriptures, renunciation of worldly activities, and inducement of direct identity experiences. In Indian religions moksha ( Sanskrit: मोक्ष mokṣa liberation) or mukti ( Sanskrit: मुक्ति release -both from the root muc "to let loose, let go") is the final extrication of the soul or consciousness ( purusha) from samsara and the bringing to an end of all the suffering involved in being subject to the cycle of repeated death and rebirth ( reincarnation). In the western world the concept of spiritual enlightenment has become synonymous with self-realization and the true self and false self, being regarded as a substantial essence being covered over by social conditioning. The extinction of this fire is enlightenment. This burning uneasiness and dissatisfaction can be likened to a fire that is burning. The hopes of arriving at that destination seem to give some solace and if those hopes and dreams are threatened, we tend to suffer. Everyone is moving towards a goal, a destination that is in the future. There is a craving for becoming something that one is not and there is a resistance to the way things are. People want many things to be different from the way they actually are. The relation between dhyana and insight is a core problem in the study of Buddhism and is one of the fundamentals of Buddhist practice.ĭeep down in people's minds, there is an underlying dissatisfaction with the way things are. It may probably have involved the knowledge that liberation was attained by the combination of mindfulness and dhyāna, applied to the understanding of the arising and ceasing of craving. What exactly constituted the Buddha's awakening is unknown.
The term is also being used to translate several other Buddhist terms and concepts, which are used to denote insight ( prajna, kensho and satori) knowledge ( vidhya) the "blowing out" ( Nirvana) of disturbing emotions and desires and the subsequent freedom or release ( vimutti) and the attainment of Buddhahood, as exemplified by Gautama Buddha.
It has the western connotation of a sudden insight into a transcendental truth or reality. The term "enlightenment" was popularised in the Western world through the 19th century translations of Max Müller. The verbal root budh- means "to awaken," and its literal meaning is closer to "awakening." Although its most common usage is in the context of Buddhism, the term buddhi is also used in other Indian philosophies and traditions. The English term enlightenment is the western translation of the abstract noun bodhi, the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha.
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